in george washington database and it took george washington a lifetime to understand the full implications of what he was saying and free zones place on his deathbed. so they made a revolution for liberty and i wanted to make clear just how from the very, very beginning, from the finger trails in 1735. new york were so much of our history happens. from there on out, the columnists are concerned about liberty. they had huge this country out of wilderness and they were going to run it themselves. >> tell us exactly who you're focusing on in this book. >> guest: the reason for that is my wife barbara and i took a trip to virginia, just on a whim to see the founders houses. our advanced age you think we would dumbness times. we never had. it just knocked my socks off to go down there. you walk into those houses that like you're walking into the president's office. you feel that, you know, a place that monticello you feel you know the man who built it. wow, mike! is that it had to be somebody who had a house that open to the public because i wanted people to have some sense that these were not

the time of blame in washington state. the first time i remember seeing , the incident as its i looked bewildered. stopped and picked me up. so would you like to come to seattle. that was the beginning of a series of unbelievable things which -- i visited every single state in the union, well, at least a lie, everyone in the continental u.s. i traveled -- i think it was about 38,000 miles. and everyone, without exception was kind inhospitable and generous. i mean, i remember one occasion to south of san francisco. i was trying to get a ride. good southdown to los angeles, could not get a ride. all night, left standing there. about five in the morning, police car stopped and said, was i having trouble. no problem. don't worry. alicante. he invited me to the squad car and took me out to the police station. the staff sergeant and took my fingerprints. why not read these charming little metal bracelets. he didn't. and then he took me on his family. had a shower, breakfast. he took me in his squad car to a truck stop and ordere

the whole political culture in washington changed. they used to stay around on weekends 50 years before they raced home to make the stupid funds -- campaign finance is the answer, actually. it's absolutely the poison in the system. they used to stay together. their wives knew each other. they drink together, they formed friendship across party lines. when johnson needed to get to dirkson to break the filibuster, they were friends. he could go to him. passenger's side through few friendships at any point. none of them or few have served in the war together. they knew what it was like to have a common mission. you have a common mission. they lost that sense of a common mission, which is our country. and something has to bring that back. and if we can bring teddy and wilson and the lbj and the presidents in there to figure out both sides of the i'm, congress and the presidency, it's time that we are able to start dealing with our problems. [laughter] >> thank you. thank you very much. now it's your turn. yes, ma'am, please introduce your

, and in the 1750s, 1760s, george washington, and there were models of british soldiers, and washington then, of course, became one of the leaders of the freedom movement, the revolution, and he was picked to command the continue thenal army in 1775. that is the year before we had the declaration of independence. we were already at war with the british, and we were fighting our revolutionary war. washington was very attuned to the dignity that americans projected in terms of concept of liberty and independence they had. they wanted to do it in a dignified way that reflected what he thought was the bearing of americans. he looked at the american troops, american officers, and he didn't want them to be a rag tag bunch of revolutionaries, but show the british these americans, even though they live on the frontier, live on the edge of british power, nevertheless have bearing, dignity, and standing and are capable of fighting against the british as a worthy opponent. he personally designed the uniforms. he did it in such a way, writes about it, he ordered cloth from london from the uniform o

"the washington post" reviewer described the prose as achingly sublime. now, it's 877 pages, but the reviewer noted while saying this is a very long book, he said this one seemed too short. in a recent interview with the national world war ii museum this new orleans, rick remarked on the necessity of remembering and telling the story of this war, what he called the greatest self-inflicted catastrophe in human history. 60 million dead, one life snuffed out every three seconds for six years. and rick added, of more than 16 million american veterans of world war ii, fewer than two million remain alive. when we con contemplate what ise to us culturally as they slip into the shadows at the rate of 800 a day, foremost perhaps is the ability to bear witness, to tell the story firsthand, to attest with authenticity and authority why they fought, suffered and died. for all the stories told and retold, countless others will now go untold. so as the primary storytellers die off, it's important for their survivors, for us to sustain the story, to keep it a vivid narr

all the presidents from washington through obama we don't have to follow what we will have to have an additional president. >> so which president was your favorite in terms of the technology? >> bill clinton gets high marks in my book for his understanding of technology and his use of music. remember fleetwood mac stopped talking about tomorrow. he understood how to use television and he was watching the political conventions and he watched adamle stevenson's address and he also read a real and serious books so he gets high marks both ronald reagan gets high marks for his use of the media in the way that he appeared with and as i say in the book without pop culture, ronald reagan had never would have made it through anything let alone president. >> thank you. >> this was a deliberate move and to simply and with a controversy, but was always the perspective of the government. in other words, she was the one that stuck out to say hello to the crowd. she was responsible. there was very much the idea, but she was a victim and she should have been protected and there was no protection. the

and it came to washington to help him. but they ended up staying with -- [inaudible] and getting involved in world war i. and then being in and out of this for the next 50 years. so they were really bonded more by the political beliefs. in fact, they all hung out at one particular house, a boarding house, called the house of truth. they stayed up all night and argued politics and chased girls, and danced, drank liquor. also argued politics. >> tell me more about franklin roosevelt, a democrat, coming to washington to assist teddy roosevelt, a republican. >> well, he was the exception. he deliberately became a democracy so people wouldn't mistake him from his cousin, who was the president. he was pretty much inties ting -- indies ting wishble. the real star of the area. the guy everybody admired herbert hoover. nobody thinks of him as being a progressive. yet he was the ideal progressive of his time. and it was a culture story. it was a political story. it was a story about friendship. they argued with each other. they chas

so i think washington is an indicator and congress as an indicator within washington and the people basically have to put the pressure for this thing to happen. and a commission has to set the table for a tougher vot the tous because let me tell you taxes are going up and they are going up about what people than those making $250,000 a year. why? a very simple four letter word. math. in addition to social insurance contract is going to get renegotiated to make sure that when the government has a price they can deliver on their promises. the government has tens of truly an id doesn't know how it's going to pay for it and it wants to make more. we can come back to that on health care if you want and we have to have some tough budgetary controls because i don't think we should send washington one dine without additional tough statutory budget controls, without round one of the social insurance reform come around one of spending constraint repaired position and around one of tax reform. >> let's start health reform for a second. it's a kind of microcosm of the issue in many ways. it underlines th

good luck in washington. >> what's really happening as women have made great progress. it's still true that men run every industry and every government in every country in the world. that means that when the decisions are made the most impact our world women's voices aren't equally heard and that's true in the public courtroom and trip the pta meeting and sure at the town hall. i wrote lean in to address the issue of women to talk openly about the stagnation women are facing at the top and to give you know just practical advice to both women and men who want to do their part to change that. we are here at the national press club with jennifer mong mom garden and we are talking about redo. tell us about your book trade. >> i would say this look is a feel good book about one of the most tranquil things that has happened politically in last couple of decades. marriage is to be a reliable wedge issue and now it's pretty much a done deal and is continuing, that momentum is continuing so to have the book. i don't often have this happy of the story and it's a meditation on mar

so chang was one of these tipped workers in washington, d.c. earning $2.77 an hour, no paid sick days. one day he's working at this posh, fine dining restaurant, starts to feel a little woozy. next day he's feeling dizzy, he can barely stand. he finds himself actually not being able to see things very well. third day he's barely able to stand on his feet, but he's got to keep coming to work. a few more days like that before one day he can't even get out of bed. and he spends a month coming this and out of a coma before he says to himself i don't have health care, i, of course, don't have paid sick days, but i think i need to find out what this is before it kills me. so he decides to go find be a doctor who will take mercy on him and maybe see him for free be, and he decides maybe there's a doctor in korea town in washington, d.c. who will see me for free. and he's right. he finds a doctor who actually sees him for free and tells him that he has h1n1, better known as swine flu. he suffers another month like this in bed, goes into $10,000 in cred

these titles were included in the washington post notable nonfiction of 2013. in brilliant blunders from darwin to einstein, colossal mistakes by great scientists that changed our understanding of life and the universe, mario libya explains how the most well-known scientist made their historic discoveries. pakistan education activist m a malala tells about education and women's rights, the girl who stood up for education and was shocked by the taliban. marsha coil, chief washington correspondent for the national law journal provides an inside look at the supreme court in the roberts court, the struggle for the constitution. military historian max. presents the history of guerrilla warfare and terrorism in invisible armies, an epic history of guerrilla warfare is national-security correspondent for the new york times talked about america's engage in a clandestine warfare. contributing correspondent for the new york times recounts the collapse of a $7 billion hedge fund in the billionaire's apprentice, the rise of the indian american elite and the fall of the gal

i first realized when i joined the "washington post," not only did i have problems with them, but outside. [inaudible] >> why do you say that? >> because we still have problems of race in america. it's still not -- move around easily. and i've always been a pioneer in race relations. i was probably one of the first to marry a white woman, and that's a story itself. divide between both races. it's been very enlightening to me to be able to do this and have respect for all people. >> the book is called "shocking the conscience." the author, simeon booker. here's the cover. this is a booktv on c-span2. >> the other thing that we could do to test whether roosevelt made a difference or not is the way history turnout is use my counterfactual history test. suppose a plausible alternative is present or not wendell willkie who was a moderate republican internationalist to rant against roosevelt in 1940, but suppose republicans had nominated charles lindbergh, who was a great aviation hero, he was very isolationist, and quite sympathetic to germany. if he had a president lindbergh instead of a pres

the new israel fund cannot only pick up its money in washington, d.c., they have a whole office in switzerland, they can get whatever they want through swiss p channels if they want. if they don't like the law, they will overturn the law. the they don't like what happened when they tried to overturn the law, they will go to the, to the supreme courts. if they don't like the action of the supreme courts, they will appeal the supreme court to the u.n. they say, well, that's what we do in this a democratic process. that's what the people of the land do in a democratic process. that's not what is done from boston and san francisco is we pull the strings on what is and is not going to be done with the legitimacy of israeli law, a law, by the way, that goes back to the beginning of the judeo-christian ethic. i hope that answers your question. is there another question here? do you have a question? with that, ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for having me. i hope to come back to a hearing room soon. thank you. [applause] >> is there a than fiction author or book you'd like to see featured on

. >> we are back live at the national book festival on the mall in washington d.c. booktv on c-span2. [cheers and applause] as you can see, we have a great audience still in the history and biography tent. we are joined by jean edward smith, and eisenhower biographer

. >> chief corpsmen of the "washington post" has a new book out on the 2012 election, "collision 2012". dan balz, why did you use the word collision. >> guest: i thought this election was a collision between a lot of things but a collision between two americas, the america that elected president obama in 2008, america that elected the republicans to take control of the house in 2010. it was a collision of philosophy, of ideology come and really also a collision between two quite different personalities and people in president obama and governor romney. you think about where each of them came from. they couldn't have been more different. house of representatives was a point when the winner of the question could have been mitt romney? >> guest: you could argue that a year out the president was very vulnerable. in large part because it was not clear what was going to happen with the economy. as we played out the election, two things. one, i think the president's campaign was more skillful and more effective, both in the consistency and the shaping of its message, and also just in sort of

>> i was born in washington d.c.. after the riots, my family is from georgia and i expect the pictures, and the integration of the college beat would not be 2 x 2, black students undergoing horrendous things in, it had to be a 2 way street and applied black politics and people whose politics accepted me and the freedom rides where my ticket to mississippi for the summer. they are alive. >> did you incorporate the stories of other freedom riders in the book? >> yes, absolutely. .. >> i was able to identify them and talk to them as well. so it's kind of a comprehensive

they would ship it out in ore cars probably to -- there was a smelter in washington and there were some this canada. so some of them would get work there, but most of them just waited and waited for the mines to reopen, and they didn't. finally, many left. but many stayed, and maybe they're involved with the ski industry here and the tourist industry. but the wages paid in those industries is so much less than the miners were paid. it really hurt the town a lot. i wanted to write a book about kellogg because i grew up here, and i began it as a novel about the labor strike that happened when i was a junior and senior in high school. and so i came back to interview people about this strike and find out more about it because i knew a lot about it because i'd worked for the lawyer who helped form the new union, but i learned i didn't know know everything. and the more i talked with people, the more i learned. and it just seemed that i should be trying to preserve the stories of the people who lived here. because the mining was gone by then, and there were such -- it was such a community whe

in washington d.c. if you veer off of the path a little bit to the right or a little bit to left there will be an ideological which aren't. people suggest your insufficiently conservative and republican. that is the d.c. party, the 9% party, the record low party. you go outside of this city that i loved and that i love living in and that i love working in combat political you go outside of the city, and the republican party is a very vibrant party. weekend -- we control 60 percent of the governors' seats. we can control a majority of the state house. we can control the majority of the state's senate seats and the state house seats. i mean, you look like chris christie in new jersey, stalker and wisconsin. these are people that are not just arriving in the deep south. you can look. i talked about this. we have been trapped, the party of the deep south in the basically all the places where i live, that is or republicans do well, florida, mississippi, alabama, georgia. the cast there. but if you live in ne

a doctor who will take mercy on him and see him for free and he decides maybe there is a doctor in washington d.c. who will see me for free and he is right. he finds it doctor and he sees him for free and tells him he has h1n1 better known as swine flu. un suffers another month like this in bed, goes into $10,000 of credit card debt before he finally feels better and calls the posh restaurant and says he's ready to come back and they say sorry, we have replaced you. un says you know i was young, i had an education, i was able to find another restaurant job very quickly. i worked my way over many years out of $10,000 in credit card debt that but i always think about the workers that i infected at that restaurant, people with families, people with children some immigrants for whom $10,000 in debt completely wiped them out. what about the customers? how many customers would i have infected with the swine flu lacks i will never know. i will never know because it was not important enough to that restaurant or frankly to this industry to ensure that the people who are serving us are not sick themse

washington d.c. is one of them. they have the crÈme de la creme a public defender systems. ronk's public defenders has started a national movement to limit caseloads and to try to deal more holistically with all of the issues that defendants might be facing like if they come into the system because they have been stealing and that is related to drug addiction or homelessness or whatever. those new programs are trying to have public defenders offices deal with the source of the problem and deal with the root of the problem and deal more broadly with the people that come through their system. so there is some good news out there. >> thank you for your time. >> thank you for having me.

he actually visited washington d.c. to visit president reagan. he basically said, we can't defeat these guys. they're stronger than we are. a great saying that he did is the white man made a promise. he kept only one. promise to take my land and he took it. that sums up what happened to raincloud and dissemination. [inaudible] >> guest: tom and i., i love reading, we read about ordinary men who rise to extraordinary circumstances. the part of everything that this is our first collaboration. i've written about ordinary sailors, ordinary marines, ordinary earning security card. we were down in quantico a few years back about three years back now. we were receiving some award and a friend of ours who is an official during a terry historian happened to say, he wasn't pitching about. i was like wait a minute, there's the seminole, turquoise, custer's last stand. lots of indians won battles. he said no, he didn't win a battle. he won a war. i look inside the have to look into this. that's a shame about. >> it took a few years, but the sub title talks a

washington to dinner and it produced outrage in the south and other part of the country there was equality of a social relationship that he backed down, i think, he -- but he also held imperialist attitudes. racist attitudes. these people are unfortunately men of their generation. his record on race there was a riot in brownsville and a group of blacks arrested because they couldn't figure out who started it. it was wrong, he was wrong. and these are those moments you're absolutely right, when all you can say is that you have to remember the context in which they're leading. even lincoln, you know, in the 1850s was against, obviously, against intermarriage. against blacks sitting on juries. hef for the black law. you say how could lincoln have done this? the important thing is he grew from the attitudes and eventually allowed the blacks to come in. they were so important as soldiers in the army it changed the whole course of the war in many ways and issued the emancipation proclamation. there's no answering for them except to pave the context in which they are ruling and see if they are wa

then we went to washington d.c. sean murphy, a u.s. member of the international law commission, a u.n. body that is codifying international law has a debate. he said that the commission has taken a the study of the formations as the first time ever. and in the draft study paragraph one is the citation. there are debating and discussing. sean actually liked most of what i was saying. he had some quibbles. that is on youtube. then i went up to new york. we got to have our discussion. his major point was the one that you were making in the audience. he thought that the moments were undemocratic and basically customary international law was a bit undemocratic. i am not going back far enough. i am basically describing something that he thinks is probably a tactic. many of the things in there including the importance of customer national lawyer endorsed. we have a great discussion. basically the book is hot right now. i hope the general audience that is out there watching and even on lawyers will read the history chapters the chapters on hum

president obama dropped into the washington dc bookstore saturday with his daughters malia and sasha to do some holiday shopping. when asked by a reporter what he thought he said he had a long list of books for readers five to 52. press reports say purchases included the kite runner and the heralbyharold and the purple crd the sports gene. earlier in the day president obama said something about the importance of supporting small businesses. saturday after thanksgiving has become known as small-business saturday. >> we haven't shopped here in a while. >> [inaudible] >> what did you buy? >> it is a long list, but some outstanding books i got a book for every age group from the five to 52. all sat? >> you are all set. thank you so much. >> okay. have a great holiday. [applause] [cheering] now joining us on booktv is kevin peraino, the author of lincoln in the world of the making of a statesman and the don of american power. mr. kevin peraino, what is the catch that you are taking with abraham lincoln? >> books about abraham lincoln but the policy is never treated as though my book is ab

and in the spirit of these questions, have you had much response from washington? and what is in the works for this? >> or are they just ignore you as usual. >> and people are listening. and so i think the fastest change we have seen from the book are people and companies and individual women and men. we are seeing women starting circles all over. we are seeing engagement around us as well. and he has said that i thought i was good at us and this and we are not so good at this. and warren buffett talked about women this year and this is training women not to be nice, but tell them that this is the bottom line. >> there's a global competitiveness with asia. .. >> i mean, when i was 6, my dad was in my room like, you're well enough to go to school, fever doesn't matter. if i was drinking in college, hungover, we're running, on the street. my parents were definitely, you know, go out and do them type of parents, but they were incredibly supportive. >> many political problems are driven by old men in policy positions -- [laughter] climate, health, gun control, environm

in fact, diplomacy might better interact with our congress, with our administration, with others in washington, our leadership. i'm excited about this idea, and, of course, it really follows through with work that my friend john shaw has done. he's inspired me really to have a new chapter in my life after the senate, continuing to think about the rest of the world, think about ways in which those who wish to offer service might be more effective. and more humane. let me just say at the outset that this is an exciting day to talk about a new book about john f. kennedy and the pathway to the presidency. it's an exciting book, and when i first read drafts that john shared with me, i wrote back to him -- and you may recall this very short letter -- that, john, i wish i had had this book before i tried to run for president in 1995. [laughter] because it really is most instructive. and some of the things that i learned from that book in retrospect, although i do not intend to run again for the presidency and want to reassure you all today of that, you really have to want to do it full time. as this

massive setback for the british war effort but the fact remains that even surrendering 7000 troops to washington the british had tens of thousands more troops in north america. they could've summoned tens of thousands of more troops if they had decided to do so. but they were not able to do so because of the power of a new force in insurgent warfare, a term that was only coined faithfully in 1776. the power of public opinion. now, if the founding fathers had been battling the roman empire i can assure you that the romans to matter how many battlefield deaths they would have -- the fact that this did not happen is because of what happened in the institution that the romans did not have to worry about at least not after the rise of the empire. the was the house of commons parliament. in 1782, a year after, the year after the battle of yorktown there was a close vote in the house of commons to discontinue offensive operations in north america. the vote was 234-215. it was a nail biter but because lord north who was the hard-line prime minister who wanted to prosecute the war against the american re

these tilingses were included in the "washington post" notable non-fiction of 2013. in brilliant blunders mistakes bay great scientist that changed our understanding of life and the universe. astrophysicist explores how some of the most well known scientists made the discoveries. for an extended list and links to other publications, visit booktv's website. booktv.org. >>> a long time familiar face to c-span viewers is on the screen here on booktv. former new mexico governor bill richardson. former congressman, and now author. "how to sweet-talk a shark." governor richardson, where did you come up with the ?ietle. >> well, i negotiate overred the years with some very bad people. the north koreans, saddam hussein, the cubans, the sudanese, people that the u.s. doesn't get along with. and i relieved the story of the negotiations, most of them successful on how you deal with the shark with a bad guy and how it relates to difficult negotiations at home. you know, with a spouse. when you negotiate buy a car or buy a house or a brother or sister. so it's a how-do deal with

my travels would take me to the celebrations in washington, d.c. where our new president, barack obama, would be inaugurated. they would carry me the morning after those festivities to faraway burma, myanmar, which would lead to much writing about aung san suu kyi. they would take me to thailand for a lovely trip up river where i could wave happily at the people who smiled back when smiled upon. they would take me to gaza, yes, and much writing about the palestine/israel impasse. to the west bank, to india, to all kinds of amazing places. like, for instance, petra in jordan. who knew? i would find myself raising a nation of chickens in between travels and visits to holy people in oakland, woodacre and -- [inaudible] my cushion, the fountain, the peace because of my attention to some of the deep suffering in the world sometimes seemed far away. i felt torn, a condition i do not like and dot no recommend. and do not recommend. and then in a dream it came to me. there was a long asphalt highway like the one that passed by my grandparents' place when i

he was nearly silent on air force one as we rode back to washington. he said little about his time with those families since. must have been one of the defining moments of his presidency, those quiet hours in solemn classrooms, extending as much feeling as was in his power to extend but he kept it to himself, never seeking to teach a lesson based on those mournful conversations or opening them up to public view. jesus teaches us that some things, the holiest things, the most painful and important and cherished things, we are to do in secret. not for public consumption or display but as acts of service to each other and worship to god. in scripture tells us your father sees what has done in secret will reward you, perhaps not now but certainly in eternity. i learned many lessons in newtown that day. that is what i kept close to the heart. [applause] >> that is a little taste of what is in the "the president's devotional". hopefully some inspiration to start your day and a little warm, a different side of the president than you normally get to see and sa

they were living as late as the 1920 -- i have papers showing them appealing pension decisions from washington. be i don't know how they missed it, but they did. everything else in the chapter is very enlightening, but this to -- omission sort of strikes hard because it was the most momentous -- >> well, christopher, are you saying that brian should have rewritten the chapters? >> no. >> well, that the chapters have to be critiqued by those of us who use them. >> that's what i'm saying. >> okay. >> this is my buddy from kent state, by the way. [laughter] and the editor of -- i think i have three books where she was editor, co-editor. this is not attacking brian, it's the writers. that's the whole thing. i think everybody understands this is not about brian, it's caution in using what's here. this is very valuable. especially those precious last four. but you have to be careful when you use these chapters. and there's no way in the world you could have gone through every chapter -- you put footnotes in, but it behooves the researcher to, in fact -- i'm glad you mentioned it, buddy. you need to

. >> it is about young people, 20s and 30s, who came to washington on the eve of world war 1. and they all lived around dupont circle. they were all friend and in and out of each other's lives. franklin roosevelt, and his wife, and many other important people. and most people don't make the connection between all of these people yet they were friends and very much involved in the league of nations formation and its collapse. and in the creation of the united nations. but it all began on dupont circle. >> did their social interaction start their political relationships or was it the other way around? >> they were what was called progressive. not what we call progressive. these were roosevelt progressive and came to washington to help him but stayed with woodrow wilson and getting involved in world war 1. and being in and out of the town for the next 50 years. so they were really bonded more by political believes. and in fact they all hung out at one particular boarding house called the house of truth where they stayed up all night and argu argu argu argued politics and chased g

>> i'm a political scientist at george washington university. >> so if people pick up "the gamble ." what will they find that is different than yours? >> we think of our approach a little bit like the money ball approach in baseball. it's the one that says you're going learn a lot using hard data to measure what the candidates did, what the voters love, and what ended up mattering at the end of the day. one of the things we like to say you can read some excellent books by journalists about the campaign. they will tell you why the campaigns did what they did. then you can read our book and find out whether those decisions made any difference at the end of the day. >> well, professor, we're talking to you in 2013 at the end of 2013. is it can too early to be focused on 2016? >> absolutely not. one of the most important things that happened well before an election year even began as the candidates are out there trying to build support within the party. trying to figure out can they corral donors, can they corral endorsement? can they build up that once the primary starts they're almost,

>> i was born in washington, d.c. but after the riots, my family is from georgia and i felt that if the integration of the college's couldn't get me through undergoing this horrendous thing if it was real and had to be a two-way street for the colleges and the college accepted me and for the freedom ride and the ticket in mississippi and in the summer and there i was. >> and did you incorporate the story of other freedom riders in the book? >> absolutely. there were nine demonstrators and jackson that day and i was able to interview all of them. there was one additional freedom rider and unfortunately he has died before i got involved. he was a part of the comrades so it just incorporates a lot of stories not just the demonstrators in the media that were covering the said lands who were there and able to get the fbi records and i actually talked to some of the people who were pictured and able to identify them and talk to them as well. some kind of a comprehensive story of what happened that day and the impact of that

that's when i made the decision that i needed to find a first-rate cardiologist in the washington area to embark on a political career and to follow it over time. that's how i was put onto alan ross. i think the continuity of those two doctors over time have absolutely been crucial. i worry when i hear all this talk -- [inaudible] sorry, we didn't mean it. that's a very bad sign. i worry very much about the device tax. we talk in the book, one of the great things john does is right about the history. two guys who had a good idea but no money. they went to a guy happens to know. used to be my neighbor in dallas. a guy named phil romano. fuddruckers who owns macaroni grill and so forth. he invested $250,000. given us to build a patent. a soldier to johnson & johnson. the initiative in the senate are then to do that and make it a didn't come from the government the very first income. they pay taxes now. ..

the tobacco institute is to be the most powerful lobby in washington d.c. the tobacco institute was just a cells grow. you could stand on the roof and throw a rock and hit the white house. that has been disbanded by law. so they are no longer allowed to lobby in the same way with the same energy they used to. there were 10 senators that it. it's tobacco ads in the 20s and 30s. but they still have enormous political force in a lot of this is exerted globally rather than nationally. they were able to attack. they try to attack the same packaging lot in australia. they used free trade still as an instrument to try to punish any renegade country that wants to come out strongly against tobacco. but they still have a tremendous war chest because their profits are so high. think about it, if you put $10,000 in philip morris stock in 1958, is worth about $50 million today. cities are still some of the most powerful companies in the world. philip morris national is $150 billion come any. these are very, very powerful. they are basically printing money because cigare